Conceptual Research & Reflection Project

Concept 7: Netiquette

“Netiquette describes 'good' and 'bad' conduct in online communication (amongst other forms of Internet use). But what is important about Netiquette is the concept that there are these 'agreed' rules of what is good and bad.

Understanding why and how netiquette operates is more than just learning those rules (for, indeed, there are numerous differences and disagreements about the 'rules'). Rather, one must gain from a reading of 'netiquette' a sense that users must themselves contribute to the proper functioning of the Internet as a communication system: that no-one is in 'charge' of the net and we all must exercise an ethic of maintenance, taking responsibility for doing it 'right'.” (Allen, n.d)

The Netiquette Home Page argues that, “netiquette varies from domain to domain.” I tend to agree with this statement, work related Internet mediated communication and netiquette would differ to Net communication and netiquette between friends or that of an online gamer where an “individual is free to reconstruct him or herself according to spontaneous whims and fantasies.”(Lerdell 2003) Lerdell also raises the issue of globalisation and emphasizes the “problem of taking for granted a shared ness of rules and norms for interaction.” (Lerdell 2003)

The concept of ‘global netiquette’ is attractive but Edward Szewczak in the Selected Readings on the Human Side of Information Technology points out that a “moral framework that would bind all nations and cultures would be evidently and immensely valuable.” It would be impossible to create such a framework because of the contrastive moral perspectives from different regions around the world. Szewczak concludes that Western and Non-Western countries hold different ethics in regards to “privacy, intellectual property, and freedom of information” (Szewczak 2008) which are all crucial in regards to netiquette.

The Internet has evolved from the initial obliging user who endorsed standards of netiquette voluntarily. The evolution of netiquette has a significant milestone, in April of 1994,(Hayes n.d.) The first major breech of netiquette took place when The Phoenix law firm of Canter & Siegel ‘spammed’ 6000 Usenet Newsgroups leading to the firms Internet access being cut off. (Bashkin 1994) Unfortunately now ‘Spam’ is part of everyday life and enforcing anti ‘Spam’ law is “problematic because e-mail crosses jurisdictional boundaries so readily.”(Hayes n.d.) This has lead to a war like situation ultimately harming both the spammers and people trying to “stop spam, block spam, or kill spam.” (Software 2009)

One of the key netiquette issues in my research appears to be an email-based issue regarding ‘top posting’ it seems to ‘officially’ be a bad habit. I don’t believe that top posting is bad netiquette, but top posting seems to have divided the online community “since the rise of email.” (Meiert 2008) It seems that this “formulated rule” (Aarseth 1997) will be the topic of online discussion for years to come with the most passionate response coming from those who are opposed to the practise. With this in mind I have come to the possibility that the issue of ‘good or bad’ netiquette only really arises in a global context where email is concerned. With “detailed studies noting that few blogs last more than a couple of weeks” (Arnold 2005) and as little as 19% of the American online population are contributing to “a Web site, creating an online diary, or posting their thoughts on an online bulletin board or other online community” (Arnold 2005), email appears to be the only global online communicative process where the practise of good and bad netiquette is really an issue.

“Netiquette, the etiquette of the net, a loose set of rules or conventions for proper behaviour on mailing lists, news groups, and in email. These are usually formulated by individuals who, with the best of intentions, wish to impose a certain standard of polite behaviour on the motley and sometimes unpleasant crowds on the internet, usually by pretending that these formulated rules reflect the wishes and preferences of a mythical majority of net users.”(Aarseth 1997)



Site 1: Netiquette Home Page, http://www.albion.com "Netiquette" is network etiquette, the do's and don'ts of online communication.”

Albion.com has been “greeting and orienting new Internet users since 1990” this longevity coupled with the authors skills at presenting a “technical and literary approach to web publishing” constitutes credibility. The information contained in this site on netiquette is aimed at fledgling Internet users and was an informing basis point for my research into netiquette. Pages such as “The Art of Flaming” are easy to understand and inturn point to a relevant issue that affects all online users participating in online communication. In an ever-changing landscape www.albion.com is a stalemate.


Site 2: Email Etiquette (Netiquette), http://www.cit.gu.edu.au/~davidt/email_etiquette.htm / - full

David Tuffley presents an educational perspective with an emphasis on Email Netiquette. Although I was only the 26th visitor to this web page I found that the ‘rhetoric of reliability’ (Nettleton 2005) I used was that of “real versus virtual organizations” this was achieved through Tuffley’s and this web sites clear association with Griffith University visible through a banner at the top of the page and a direct link just above the footer. The definition given to various acronyms and emoticons was very informative and something that is not touched on in many academic web sites though is crucial to correct netiquette.



Concept 10: Automation

"Searching for information can involve significant degrees of automation or, at least, surrendering control to seemingly ‘intelligent’ agents. The advantages are, of course, in time saved; and the obvious risk is that you will not get exactly what you want because the agent is less capable than it appears to be or cannot cope with the peculiarities of your specific request. A greater risk, however, is that, using various automated processes can make one question the reliability of the results you receive…by surrendering control over information finding to others we are either lulled into false security or constantly nagged by doubts that the process is time-efficient but quality-inefficient. " (Allen, n.d)

The issue of quality-information in regards to “surrendering control to seeming intelligent agents”(Allen n.d ) seems to be a prevailing problem when searching for health information via the Internet. Although “The rapid growth of healthcare websites in the 1990s was accompanied by initiatives to rate their quality, including award-like symbols on websites” (Gagliardi 2002) the issue of automated response from search engines seems to be a key factor.

The ‘intelligent agents’ or search engines number in there thousands globally but only a handful of these are responsible for the “vast majority of all search engine traffic.”(1cog.com n.d.) So it leads me to the question, Can these ‘intelligent agents’ be trusted to produce accurate and honest results and is the automated response by search engines too easily accepted by a naïve online community? I don’t believe the online community at large is naïve and whilst researching I found that there are rules that people draw upon when “articulating why they trust some online sources and not others”(Nettleton 2005) Nettleton identifies six rules people use when trusting automated search results. These rules were followed across both ends of the socio-economic spectrum leading me to the conclusion that the online community is not naive.

The notion that automated search results or word frequencies put forward by ‘intelligent agents’ are derived purely via mathematical calculation adds weight to the trustworthiness of search engines. The internet “seems to display quite a number of power-law distributions.”(Adamic n.d.) It seems that search results put into the context of mathematical ‘laws’ such as the ‘power law’ produce a “winner-takes-all”(Hindman 2008) outcome, where search engines aid the process of the ‘rich getting richer’. With this in mind there is the option of paid search automation, which is worth considering if you have a business perspective where you are trying to reach a certain market.

“Human skill in search is undersold, is undervalued”(Goodman 2009) although “the complexity of industrial and social systems under human management leads to serious unexpected consequences, caused by human errors or by deficiency in planning.” (GADOMSKI 1995) The current form of the Internet relies on automation in conjunction with user input. With ever increasingly complex and vast data, information available, it is essential to have automation. The notion that Intelligent Agents “cannot function efficiently in chaos” (Alexander D. Korzyk n.d.) Is clear therefore Intelligent Agents should “make rational decisions, i.e., blending proactive ness and reactive ness, showing rational commitment to decisions made, and exhibiting flexibility in the face of an uncertain and changing environment.”(MichaelWinikoff 2001) leading me to the conclusion that to surrender control to intelligent agents in a constantly changing environment such as the Internet is unrealistic.

Prior to starting this unit the only search engine that I used was Google; during the course of studying this unit I found Google Sholar and SurfWax.com to be two of the most valuable tools when searching for information. I have also come to the conclusion that they are only ‘tools’ and when used informatively and correctly, information and resources are abundant. This unit has given me the skill-set to use these tools to find information in a time-efficient and quality-efficient manner.






Site 1: https://www.brint.net , “Welcome to the World's No. 1 Resource for Business Technology Management and Knowledge Management” (http://www.brint.org/ 2007)

The fact that this site is recommended by Business Week, Computer world, Fortune, Information Week, New York Times, Wall Street Journal creates a cense of credibility. The forums contained within this site are a wealth of knowledge themselves; the practical knowledge contained with in the forums is extensive. I found the downloadable Articles and Interviews to be very useful with information from and array of industry experts and leaders in respective fields. This site contained links to information relevant in regards to automation displayed in an easy to access format that is clear and concise.

Site 2: Content Management Matters www.cmswire.com “CMSWire is a rapidly growing web magazine dedicated to all things content management and a few other things we considered related.”(Dunwoodie 2009)

www.cmswires.com is an excellent source of information in regards to content management and automation. I used CMS wire as a base point for exploring issues and found it very useful in my education of automation. The author is Brice Dunwoodie who has worked for Oracle, Andromedia, Macromedia and Cylogy thus the credibility of the web site is unquestionable. This web site is very easy to navigate with easy access to News, Lists, Reviews and more. A site with information made available about tools with reviews making automation of web tasks somewhat an easier task choosing what tools to use in what instance.

Concept 28: The paradox of the World Wide Web

“The Web embodies a fundamental paradox:

It is designed to be user-friendly information environment, fun to use and unthreatening;

BUT

It is the exemplification of a community/industry/technology which by its very nature is innovative, constantly changing and growing in complexity.

It therefore tends to be easy to use on the surface but is, at a deeper level, difficult to understand and use" (M.Exon, 1998).

Moreover, simply understanding and coming to terms with this complexity is not sufficient. We must see through it to the conceptual basis of the web: a system that encourages decentralised participation, exploratory and entrepreneurial behaviour in a manner that bypasses traditional government and corporate systems. What makes the Internet ‘work’ is this level of decentralisation, which drives innovation and empowers the individual; what makes the Internet ‘fail to work’ is the extraordinary demands it places on users to cope with many complex facets and more decisions than normal. Furthermore, complexity can disempower those who lack the skills, time and opportunity to learn.

Advanced Internet users recognise the character of the Web, seek to utilise its advantages, ameliorate its deficiencies and understand that not all users have the same abilities as themselves in reconciling the paradox of the WWW.

The World Wide Web is also beginning to encompass more and more of what we do on the Internet, at some cost. People tend to assume that the Internet is the WWW: it’s not; on the other hand, we can see the cultural forces at work to make the WWW do all the things we want to on the Internet – it’s more effective for large companies to profit from, and creates a sense that using the Internet is ‘easy’ (useful to convince reluctant customers). (Allen, n.d)

The Internet and its use for communications is the most powerful and resilient infrastructure built by mankind. The simplicity of the Internet lies in the generalisation of the uses that the Internet is capable of. The only issue with the current form is that of data transfer speeds, which is limiting functionality. The traditional communication companies will not profit from a truly decentralised system(Weinberger n.d.) A truly decentralised system “ threatens not only the market power of the media giants but also the very survival of the telecommunication companies and software giants.”(Andrew Herman 2000) In the current form that the Internet takes there are still groundbreaking innovations occurring and the ability for the individual to gain empowerment is still available.

Would an Internet without limitations imposed by telecommunication companies further “disempower those who lack the skills, time and opportunity to learn” (Allen n.d ) or would it simplify what now appears to be a complex system and truly be a “user-friendly information environment , fun to use and unthreatening.” (Allen, n.d.) With a simpler form of the Internet, free of limitations, free of constraints imposed by capitalist influences. An Internet available to everyone at little or no expense is the only way to truly empower the individual. This view is utopian and relies on the “transformative powers of the web.” (Andrew Herman 2000) The World Wide Web is seen as having a “gradual development followed by an exploding impact.” (Patricia F. Murphy 2008) No one can tell what the future holds and what the ‘transformative powers’ will lead to but the web will always be a “medium that honours multiple forms of intelligence-abstract, textual, visual, musical”(Patricia F. Murphy 2008)

The question of wether the World Wide Web will have a positive impact on social involvement or negative impact is starting to become apparent. The Internet has made it possible to “further privatise entertainment, to obtain previously inaccessible information, to increase technical skills and conduct commercial transactions from home.” (Kraut 1998) Advances like these seem to have a positive effect on superficial social interaction but when it comes to social interaction where stronger ties are involved and are normally supported by physical proximity results are unclear. (Kraut 1998) The notion that superficial social involvement could be accessible to the general population within a global context before the Internet was unfeasible.

The issue of cyber bulling is a definite paradox to the “fun to use and unthreatening”(Allen n.d ) aspect of the World Wide Web. “The motives and the nature of cyber communications, as well as the demographic and profile of a cyber bully differ from their offline counterpart.”(WiredKids 2009) The case of a thirteen year old girl who committed suicide after a MySpace love interest rejected her, when the love interest was actually the 49 year old mother of her former classmate(CNN.com/crime 2008) would not have happened had the internet not been involved. So from this perspective the Internet has a negative effect on social interaction.

Site 1: CNN.com http://edition.cnn.com “The international edition of CNN.com is constantly updated to bring you the top news stories from around the world. It is produced by dedicated staff in London and Hong Kong, working with colleagues at CNN's world headquarters in Atlanta, Georgia, and with bureaus worldwide. CNN.com relies heavily on CNN's global team of over 4,000 news professionals. CNN.com/International features the latest multimedia technologies, from live video streaming to audio packages to searchable archives of news features and background information. The site is updated continuously throughout the day.”(CNN.COM/INTERNATIONAL 2009)

The ability of news corporations to offer constantly updated information from sources in a global context is invaluable. With companies such as Time Warner producing sites such as CNN.com the information that is provided can then be examined and checked for credibility, but the question of credibility is from each source rather than the site itself. The site is very easy to navigate splitting the top level selections into geographical context and inturn into business, technology, entertainment, sport and travel making it user friendly. I have found this site to be useful not only for the propose of research but also to maintain an informed view of current affairs.

Site 2: Centre for Safe and Responsible Internet Use http://www.cyberbully.org
“The Centre for Safe and Responsible Internet Use provides research and outreach services to address issues of the safe and responsible use of the Internet. We provide guidance to parents, educators, librarians, policy-makers, and others regarding effective strategies to assist young people in gaining the knowledge, skills, motivation, and self-control to use the Internet and other information technologies in a safe and responsible manner.” (CSRIU 2002-2007)

In an environment where young children are harming themselves due to the actions of others through online social networking web sites a site such as CSRIU is a great reference for parents to safeguard their children. The fact that this site offers tools in the form of ‘Free Documents for Schools to Send Home to Parents’ is invaluable and resources like this help maintain an element of credibility for the web site. Another aspect of credibility is the fact that the Author Nancy Willard is the executive director of the Centre for Safe and Responsible Internet Use speaks volumes. She received a Bachelors of Science in Elementary and Early Childhood Education from the University of Utah in 1975, a Masters of Science in Special Education from the University of Oregon, 1977, and a Doctor of Jurisprudence from Willamette University College of Law in 1983. Proving that she has the qualifications to advise on issues such as internet safety for future generations.

1. Asynchronicity

Asynchronous communication means that the sender and receiver deal with the communication between them at different times. We are familiar with asynchronous communication, for we use it regularly with letters, faxes and similar media. However, email often appears to be more similar to the conventions of real-time (or synchronous) communication and thus the particular nature of asynchronicity is different. People often expect a response to email in faster time than a letter (perhaps because they themselves respond rapidly to email). People expect to be able, through email, to conduct a conversation, with much back and forth, similar to an oral conversation.

In other words, asynchronous communication does not render time and schedules unimportant (as is sometimes claimed). Rather it requires us to think up new rules to assist us in managing communications that, from one perspective are 'instant' and, from another, are 'lagged' and that, standing back, are about the differences in temporal location of the people communicating.

Asynchronous electronic communication is not the opposite of real-time, synchronous communication: rather it describes forms of communication that appear differently 'located in time' depending on the perspective of the sender and receiver.



This concept applies equally, of course, to the other forms of asynchronous communication that are very similar to email, or use email (newsgroups and lists). What is perhaps less obvious is that FTP and the World Wide Web can also enable asynchronicity: indeed they depend on it, by allowing individuals to access material in many different personal ‘time zones’. For example, teaching online is predominantly effective where students cannot gather together in class to hear lectures but need to access them individually, at their own time.(Allen, n.d)

A synchronicity is an inefficient form of communication when used in the context of a discussion board where information is broadcast and instruction is put forward with the assumption that the intended recipient has understood or complied with the information that was put forward in the communication. Assumption “is a proposition that is taken for granted, as if it were true based upon presupposition without preponderance of the facts.”(Wikipedia 2009) Is the discussion board currently used for this unit designed as a teaching tool or is it a place of confusion and irrelevant information. The forced dialog and contribution, threatening grades if dialog is not executed has created a space that is clogged. Are we as an online community broadcasting for the sake of broadcasting and are we loosing the ability to “look listen and learn.”(willowb100 2009)

There is no denying that asynchronous communication is an inferior precursor to synchronous communication. Is it the fact that asynchronous communication is stored digitally to be viewed over and over again or in some cases not at all, that it appears to be taking up ‘space’ wether on a hard drive of a server or stored locally on your own computer that information becomes irrelevant over time and this stored irrelevant information somehow has an impact on our day to day life. Can going to far with displaying your life in an asynchronous communication forum like Face Book affect your every day life, I did a search to see what impact it has on people who are involved within the Face Book communities life I used key words ‘fired because of Face Book’ returning 106,000,000 results including everything from employees fired because of social networking when they had the day off due to a migraine and couldn’t use a PC to a site telling you how to Avoid getting fired because of Face Book.

It was for the reasons above that I cancelled my Face Book account almost two years ago. For interests sake I started another Face Book account through the course of this study period and currently only have two friends both trying to sell me something. The current forms of asynchronous social networking sites all appear to be wallowing in the same sea of irrelevant information. With only half of the Face Book community logging on daily (Eldon 2009) is this also the opinion of half the online community involved with Face Book. The application of asynchronous communication can be positive and informative.

There is definitely a time where asynchronicity is valuable and works well and efficiently. The use of asynchronicity within email works really well but can also be used as a “collaboration tool.”(Ashley 2003) Without the concept of asynchronous communication streaming of audio and video would be impossible. The idea of learning online would be impossible without asynchronous communication.


Site1 Embedded.com http://www.embedded.com (Embedded.com 2009)

Embedded is a great source of technology information if you are looking for anything to do with tech breakthroughs I will always start here. The columnists are leaders in their respective fields providing Embedded with the site a credibility that cannot be manufactured. From columnists providing insights into new technology to a strong online community that is helpful and informative. The site is easy to navigate with dropdown menus helping define navigation. The blogs are a great source of information providing a different perspective on a wide range of technology topics.

Site2 TechOnline http://www.techonline.com/

“Launched in 1996, TechOnline is the design and engineering resource for engineers and engineering managers involved in the electronics sector. To achieve this goal, TechOnline provides users with a host of education resources, which range from Webinars to online courses to a research library of white papers. At the same time, the site offers engineers the chance to evaluate products using TechOnline's patented VirtuaLab technology, the ability to sort through new products from around the Electronics sector, and insights into design approaches through the site's Under the Hood tear down section.”(TechOnline 2009)

This site is an amazing resource for technical engineers and with my background I find that I spend more time than I should looking at this site. Some people have a hard time with Face Book addiction I can empathise when TechOnline comes up in conversation (unfortunately this happens less than I would like maybe once every blue moon). The focused design channels are a fantastic web based resource covering networking, power management, and topics such as green electronics. The fact that TechOnline has been up and running since 1996 is what gives the site such a massive amount of credibility. It is truly a stalemate in the tech world.





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